温度压力耦合作用下的岩石屈服破坏研究

以深部开采为背景,讨论了温度和压力对深部岩石变形和破坏规律的影响。将岩石的屈服破坏过程视为能量释放和能量耗散的过程,根据最小耗能原理导出了温度和压力耦合作用下的深部岩石屈服破坏准则。该准则具有明确的物理意义,即当岩石的塑性耗散能及温度梯度引起热传导的耗散能累积耗散到一定程度时,岩石就会发生破坏失稳。     

不确定性岩石力学参数的区间反分析

考虑量测信息的不确定性，将岩石力学参数视为未知但有界的区间变量，建立了非线隆岩石力学参数的区间反分析模型。运用带约束的优化技术查变容差法求解反演模型，得出了不确定性力学参数的区间范围，研究了不同的量测精度和反演参数个数对反分析结果的影响，结论合乎规律，为实际工程分析提供了有价值的信息。     

The relationship between particulate air pollution and emergency hospital visits for hypertension in Beijing, China

Background

A number of epidemiological studies have examined the adverse effect of air pollution on mortality and morbidity. Also, several studies have investigated the associations between air pollution and specific-cause diseases including arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, little is known about the relationship between air pollution and the onset of hypertension.

Objective

To explore the risk effect of particulate matter air pollution on the emergency hospital visits (EHVs) for hypertension in Beijing, China.

Methods

We gathered data on daily EHVs for hypertension, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Beijing, China during 2007. A time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag model was used to evaluate associations between ambient air pollutants and hypertension. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were controlled in all models.

Results

There were 1,491 EHVs for hypertension during the study period. In single pollutant models, an increase in 10 μg/m³ in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was associated with EHVs for hypertension with odds ratios (overall effect of five days) of 1.084 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.028, 1.139) and 1.060% (95% CI: 1.020, 1.101), respectively.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of ambient particulate matters are associated with an increase in EHVs for hypertension in Beijing, China.     

中高层框剪结构侧向力分布模式的研究

通过选取5条Ⅱ类场地地震波,对所选结构进行非线性时程分析得到基底剪力和顶层位移关系曲线,按照一种侧向力分布模式对所选结构进行Pushover分析得到基底剪力和顶层位移关系曲线及层间位移角,然后和时程分析进行比较,得到一种较理想的侧向力分布模式。     

无损检测中关于结构混凝土强度推定(统计)方法的探讨

文章通过不同的抽样统计(推定)方法在混凝土强度无损检测中的工程应用,以及对不同推定方法的比较,分析了产生不同检测结果的原因,以供读者参考。     

Effects of urbanization on Neotropical wasp and bee assemblages in a Brazilian metropolis

The rapid growth of cities in many parts of the world has stimulated an increasing number of ecological studies of urban environments. Here, 12 study sites in the city of Belo Horizonte (MG), southeastern Brazil, were compared to analyze the effects of habitat changes related to urbanization on the species richness and abundance of native wasps and bees. Two spatial scales were considered: large portions of the urban landscape (entire sites) and small areas within these sites (public squares). Overall, the abundance of advanced eusocial bees (i.e. stingless bees), which were the dominant species, was directly affected by the loss of vegetation cover and the increase of buildings associated with urbanization. The magnitude of this effect varied according to the nesting habits of each species. The loss of vegetation cover associated with urbanization also had a negative effect on the abundance and species richness of advanced eusocial wasps. Generalist species of bees and wasps, such as Trigona spinipes and Polybia occidentalis, were very abundant and not sensitive to the habitat changes related to urbanization. Advanced eusocial bees also responded to small-scale habitat changes (size and vegetation cover of public squares). No relation was found between the solitary and the primitive eusocial wasps and bees and the habitat changes considered here. Conservation strategies in urban environments need to consider different spatial scales in order to maintain or enhance the local diversity of wasps and bees.     

大矢跨比局部双层球面网壳的形式及稳定性分析

首先比较了球面基本三角形网格的划分形式，最优网格划分法得到的网格三类型数量最少，最经济，提出了构造球面网壳局部双层形式的方法和五种具有工程应用价值的形式，采用几何非线性有限元理论，对几种网壳形式进行了深入的稳定分析，参数分析并与单层网壳的稳定特征进行了比较，本研究结果对实际工程有重要应用价值。     

局部双层柱面网壳的形式及其稳定性分析

首先提出柱面网壳局部双层形式的形成方法与原则，给出常见局部双层形式，并分析其构造特点。采用几何非线性有限元理论，对不同网壳形式进行了深入的稳定性分析、参数分析，以及边界支承条件的影响等。本研究结果对实际工程有重要应用价值。     

用弹性板理论分析采场覆岩中的关键层

以岩层控制中的关键层理论为指导，应用弹性板理论建立了关键层的刚度条件和强度条件。结果表明，用板理论分析的结果与梁理论推导的结果具有相同的表达形式。最后，用实例证明了覆岩关键层的存在及对地表下沉的影响。     

隔离病房回风高效过滤器滤菌效率的实验研究

介绍了国外各类高效过滤器的滤菌效率。在安装有高效过滤器的隔离病房回风口进行了发菌实验,计算了B类和C类回风高效过滤器的滤菌效率,证明了当隔离病房回风口安装高效过滤器时,可使用部分循环风。